Bead Bar E Commerce

Bead bar is a company which specializes in making beads jewellery for the customers. They have three divisions’ namely studios, franchises and bead bar on board. The E-Commerce site would enable all its customers and employees to collaborate evenly for synchronization of activities and operations. The customers get a chance to design their own jewellery using the beads of different dimension and nature so that it is completely custom-built and inline with their preferences. The employees in turn get all the proposed designs and contact customers for their info and other details.The e-commerce site would arrange for online payments and delivery of ones products safely with ease. E-Business for Bead Bar: Bead bar is expanding its wings in the market and wishes to capture the eyes of the customers at large. Building an e-commerce would make the Bead Bar stores to be in synchronization with resources and would be able to capture the essence of internet. Connecting all its stores a nd departments always forms a crucial portion for sharing information and quickening its operations.An intranet in place would facilitate all the connection of all its departments and divisions but would incur extra costs for getting the large bulk of customers all over the world. It is on a mission to cater its jewellery services to all and decided to make facility for online payments and delivery. The primary component is that the customers must be facilitated to make their own designs and are able to do that at anytime at their own convenience. They are provided with several options to pick and choose several options for making and designing their own product.Furthermore the site would be able to allow purchase options for the clients so that they can order their designed products and purchase it online. Delivery options are also facilitated at the site. Bead Bar can use e-business to market their website in other commercial sites for providing the customers with enough knowledge about their services and facilities it provides. It can cater to the entire world to fetch customers. Its online presence would create an anytime anywhere environment for accessing its services by the customers. Tracking the orders online and updating of inventories would be quite possible for Bead Bar.Time and effort would be capitalized for every customer and employee for making their operations planned, organized and decisive. The customer would also be freed from location dependent problems and Bead Bar in turn would create a world class facility for every customer giving them a feeling that the entire store is for them and they would get equal assistance and status in getting any services from the enterprise. Building an e-business also helps them to cater to large number of customers at the same time with no problems of call-waiting and poor support for orders.The online store would take that all relevant information is put up and make each customer feel that they own the sto re. Technology The technology required for the Bead Bar to become an e-business would require the creation of a website which would bring every resource in one page. The site must envelope all the company details and features which would provide enough background for every service the company is rendering and the striking features which make it unique in the internet marketplace in its own segment.The primary requirement is the creation of website which would include all the web technologies like HTML, DHTML, XML, ASP, JSP, PHP and may others. HTML and DHTML would be required to create the static and dynamic pages respectively. Other technologies like XML, JSP and others would be required for fetching data from a warehouse and provide dynamic updation of information. These are established standards for creating a website. Once the website details are figured out one requires figuring out the entities of the system, both internal and external entities, so that their association is ma pped.Once all the entities are found and decided upon, the properties of the entities are established, meaning their attributes which define the entities. Once the planning and analysis stage is done the association is mapped into a schema diagram and relations are normalized and then inputted into the database. A RDBMS such as DB2, Oracle, SYBASE or any other can be used to create the database. Connecting databases with the site is the next step where PHP and other technologies can be used. The Java technologies and other server technologies are used so that they facilitate making the online payments and delivery information’s (Cooke, 1997).The above discussed technologies would provide enough content to describe and market the company services and features. It would also facilitate necessary dynamic updations, make arrangements for designing their own jewellery and facilitate payment procedures and delivery options. Website traffic Website traffic is defined in the sense of generating clicks on the website and actions taken. It is also taken for the path traveled by the customers in the website. The following can be attributed for making the website traffic smooth and consistent:†¢ Creating publicity in other sites as flash images †¢ Giving promotion offers and discounts †¢ Offering seasonal packages in jewellery by experts †¢ Online support and chat facilities with the experts in design and organization †¢ Offering more options in custom design in terms of other related items and accessories Electronic payment capabilities The online payment capability for the Bead Bar is taken care well in the e-commerce site. The use of secure socket layer (SSL) technology is used for facilitating the secure means of payment and encryption of data.The use of secure connections would make sure that data is exchanged with ease and online databases must be adjusted well in accordance to handling credit card and other financial information of t he customers. Encryption The encryption of the information presented in the website and the handling of financial information for verification and payment is done through the use of encryption techniques so that it is not stolen in the process for malicious intent and the customer is also safe and has no worries for any misuse of information.The financial data is encrypted for changing their content when transferring them to other sites for checking purposes. All such personal data and preferences are also tracked and kept in an encrypted form so that they are not prone to changes or modifications. Conclusion The recommended technological suggestions would make Bead Bar to establish them well in the e-business and make sure customers’ and other agents maintain their level of trust.The usability features would make the site in accordance to the best of standards and make sure that every resource is captured and nurtured well. The web technologies would bring all the divisions of the company on the same page and synchronize all the activities and the life cycle efficiently function. References / Bibliography Cooke, M. (1997). Java e-commerce: technologies for distributed enterprise computing. Lynch, P. & Horton, S. (1999). Web Style Guide, Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites.

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay

Discuss how personal differences and preferences can impact organizational ethics. Organizational ethics are ethics of an organization. According to (Butts & Rich, 2008) The ethics of an organization refers to an organization attempt to define its missions and values, recognize values that could cause tension, seek best solutions to these tensions, and manage the operations to maintain its values. In dealing with people from all walks of life and different morals it can easily put up a bridge, between ones values and beliefs. After all we are who we are according to the â€Å"Stages of Moral Development† developed by Lawrence Kohlberg who is best known in the field of psychology of ethical decision making and behavior. One’s own personal beliefs and principles can impact their work environment if they are trustworthy, exemplifies a positive attitude, work well with people (internal and external in the work environment), dependable, and etc. This type of person is someone who would be considered to have a great impact in an organization, because of the values and beliefs they display in the work place. Meanwhile a person, who is seen as rude, has a negative attitude (towards people in and outside of the work environment), lacks integrity, and lazy (always doing something upper-handed to get by), the chances of that person being the downfall of an organization is 80/20, due to the fact this person is someone who doesn’t value others well-being, because of the negative morals they learned. A person’s professional ethics are just an expansion of their learned individual ethics. Personal differences and preferences impact organizations all the time, which is why it is so important ethics, play a key role so that unethical behavior doesn’t go unnoticed. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics. Organizational policies and procedures can have both a positive and negative impact with regards to ethics. An organization may have a positive impact if policies and procedures are based on good business ethics.

External and Internal factors at Sony Ericsson Essay

Sony Ericsson In 2001 telecommunications leader Ericsson and the Sony Corporation joined forces to establish Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. Because of this joint venture, Sony Ericsson recognized sales of over seven billion dollars in the first year. This was mainly because the combined mobile phone business company now offered a range of mobile communication products that went far beyond the simple mobile phone technology of its time. Marketing Marketing, more than any other business function, deals with customers. Creating customer value and satisfaction is at the very heart of modern marketing. Marketing is the delivery of customer satisfaction at a profit. Sound marketing is critical to the success of every organization–large or small, for profit or non-profit, domestic or global. Large for-profit firms such as Sony use marketing. This is where globalization, technology, and ethics come into play. Global Marketing The world is shrinking rapidly with the advent of faster communication, transportation, and financial flows. Products developed in one country are finding enthusiastic acceptance in other countries. In fact, international trade is booming. Since 1969, the number of multinational corporations in the world’s fourteen richest countries has more than tripled. According to Business Week, written by Gail Edmondson, â€Å"many U.S. companies have long been successful at international marketing: Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, IBM, Xerox, Corning, Gillette, Colgate, General Electric, Caterpillar, Ford, Kodak, 3M, Boeing, and dozens of other American firms have made the world their market. And in the United States, names such as Sony, Toyota, Norelco, and Mercedes have become household words† (Edmondson, G., 2000). Globalization has become the increasing tendency of the world to act as one market. Technological advances in travel and communications are the driving  force behind market globalization. For instance, new communication technologies, such as the ones offered by Sony Ericsson, allow people and/or teams from all over the world to work on projects and share information without leaving their desks. At the same time, advanced technologies allow manufacturers to produce their goods in foreign locations that offer an abundant supply of low-cost labor (Mescon, M, Courtland, B., & Thill, J., 1999) Innovation Companies today need to take advantage of their innovative capabilities to develop new businesses. Without exploiting the potential idea of innovation, companies will not be prepared for the effects of new technology, demanding customers and globalization. To keep up with the fast-paced world of mobile communications technology, Sony Ericsson will need to combine telecommunication solutions with proven entertainment technology to be considered the forefront of telecommunication innovation. However, there are difficult challenges that Sony Ericsson must go through to bring to the market a stream of improved products and services that enable the business to achieve higher profits. Incorporating innovative ideas and new technologies is the key for a successful business to compete effectively in the global environment. In the past year, Sony Ericsson has launched groundbreaking products for their mobile technology. The success of the company comes from the distinction of other companies in terms of design, imaging, and applications. With a unique combination of Sony’s digital imaging and Ericsson’s mobile platform, Sony Ericsson seems to have the upper hand in coming out with the latest technology to meet consumer demand. With any advancements of innovation, design is a key step to initiate any innovative ideas. Sony Ericsson takes pride in their industrial designers because of the importance to impress consumers with never-before-seen looks and groundbreaking technology. From the birth of an idea to the launch of the product, Sony Ericsson’s  designers monitor the progress of the product systematically, making sure the innovative idea keeps its shape and stays new. Designers will also need to keep a close eye on any changing trends in the mobile communication market as they can inspire as well as influence the elements of innovative design. Sony Ericsson continues to innovate in design and newly launched products to strengthen its reputation as a design leader. In addition, the company strives to be a cutting edge provider of applications, creating partnerships with software developers and content providers to meet everyday consumer demand. Technologies Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications offers services globally to a communication market with high end, state-of-the-art mobile phone equipment, accessories, PC-cards, and M2M (Machine-to-Machine) technology. Our computer era is about making people more productive in the working environment. It is a technology that is geared to help people interact with other people through the aid of always on computers, communication, and powerful high bandwidth. The M2M communications technology is going to be different in the sense that it will allow electronic devices to interact with people and other devices. This will not require as big a bandwidth as computers use now days. This technology features higher reliability and efficiency, and it also enables users to remotely access and manage other array of equipment without having to move around or keeping a technical staff. This type of technology is presently being used by Sony Ericsson and is evolving rapidly particularly in the area of wireless equipment. M2M is also used for business applications such as: Security and emergency response Mission-critical uptime Optimized logistics Management resources Mobility and collaboration Personalization and customization Another of the latest popular technologies is called Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). This is a technology for wideband digital radio communications of Internet, multimedia, video and other capacity-demanding applications. WCDMA is the dominating 3G (3rd. Generation) technology, providing higher capacity for voice and data and higher data rates. WCDMA uses a new spectrum with a 5 MHz carrier, providing 50 times higher data rate than in present GSM networks (and 10 times higher data rate than in GPRS networks) WCDMA handles up to 2 Mbps for local area access or 384 Kbps for wide area access. A coming release will include enhancements up to more than 10 Mbps. WCDMA is also known as UMTS and has been adopted as a standard by the ITU under the name IMT-2000 direct spread (Ericsson, 2004). Multimedia Messaging Service technology is another feature found in many Sony Ericsson’s communication devices of today. This feature enables users to send/receive multimedia messaging. MMS technology applies to communication applications, information, and entertainment. Because of the nature of the applications, MMS is especially helpful because it is designed for time critical situations, such as sport and other breaking news, alerts, stock market developments, etc. MMS also optimizes video images, video and audio signals in real time. Ethics In order to understand how Sony Ericsson Industries became a company gripped  in ethical and social responsibility, one must first look at its history and mission. In an article on the World Wide Web, â€Å"A Study of Smart phones† it talks about some of the history of Ericsson. Back in June of 1998, Ericsson made Symbian a privately independent company. Ericsson had one mission and that was, â€Å"To provide solutions to communication needs† (Ericsson, 2004). Ericsson made an ethical decision and commitment to the diversified customer base to always provide the end user with user friendly, expedient, business savvy computer compatible phones that severed and performed a wide variety of uses. That mission statement and ethical commitment grew, as did the Symbian coalition, which eventually included companies such as Matsushita, Motorola, Nokia, and Psion’s. With this new collaboration of world leading communication players came the new mission, which was, â€Å"To set the standard for mobile wireless operating systems and to enable a mass market for wireless information devices† (Grey Matter India, 2004). In 1998, Sony Ericsson had implemented the objective mission into the organization. In 2001, another mission was reborn. This mission statement focus was on the needs and wants of the consumer that included and embraced the ethics and the social responsibilities in present day. In 2001, the headlines stated â€Å"Welcome to Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications.† Then in October of 2001, Sony published on its website its new mission, which was â€Å"Our mission is to establish Sony Ericsson as the most attractive and innovative global brand in the mobile handset industry† (Ericsson, 2004). They went on to publish there social responsibility statement, which stated, â€Å"It is Sony Ericsson’s policy to behave in a socially and ethically exemplary way and to operate business in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Sony Ericsson believes in respect for human rights and in the ethical treatment of all employees† (Ericsson, 2004). The Joint Venture Whether a company is small or large, there comes a time when a company needs to shift the way the company is managed. Large companies, such as Sony Ericsson, have been using self-directed work teams for years to improve quality, increase productivity, raise morale, lower costs, and boost  motivation. A self-directed work team is a group of workers from different functional areas of a company who work together as a unit largely without supervision, making decisions, and performing task that once belonged only to managers. However, it is important to note, that managers in companies using teams, such as Sony Ericsson, do not just sit around drinking coffee. In fact, they work just as hard as before, but the nature of their work changes dramatically. â€Å"Managers at Sony Ericsson take on roles of coaches who empower those around them to make decisions affecting their work and share information with workers. As facilitators, their job is to support and to serve the teams functioning in the organization and to make sure they produce results† (Ericsson, 2004). References Edmondson, G. (2000, August 28). See the world, erase its borders. Business Week, pp. 113-114. Ericsson. (2004). About Ericsson. Retrieved February 20, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ericsson.com/about/ Ericsson. (2004). Technologies. WCDMA. Retrieved February 20, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.ericsson.com/technology/ Gray Matter India. (2004). Smartphones. White Paper, pg. 8. Retrieved February 21, 2005 from the World Wide Web: www.greymatterindia.com/downloads/Whitepaper_Rise%20_of_Smartphones.pdf. Mescon, M., Courtland, B., Thill, J. (1999). Business Today, 203. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

The effect of diffrent Concentrations of Auxin on pinto seed stem Research Paper

The effect of diffrent Concentrations of Auxin on pinto seed stem ilongation - Research Paper Example The experiment conducted by students to examine the effects of different concentration of auxin to the growth of pinto beans showed that regardless of the level of auxin used in each experiment, auxin caused retarded growth to pinto bean seeds. Introduction According to Bewley (1057), growth hormones have different effects on plants depending on the nature of the plants, quantity of the hormones used, type of the hormones and the part of the plant in which the hormones are in contact with. This knowledge has enabled those growth hormones or auxin to be used for different purposes in crop husbandry and have enabled plants to react to the external stimuli that would otherwise cause harm to the plant (Lucia, et.al, 153). The student carried out an experiment in order to examine the effect of different auxin concentrations on elongation of the stem of pinto beans. In the experiment, the student selected fifteen beans picked indiscriminately (Thimann, & Lane, 541). The student divided the seeds into three groups of five seeds each and planted each group in a separate pot. The first pot acted as trial experiment and was watered with plain water without any auxin. In the second pot, 500ppm concentration of the auxin was added to the water while in the third pot a different auxin concentration of 500ppm was added to the water used for watering the seed. ... The outcome observation varies from plant to another and depends on the amount of auxin used in each case. Methods In our Plant Independent Investigation, the experiment was set up by labeling three pots, â€Å"tap water†, â€Å"500 ppm auxin†, and â€Å"5000 ppm auxin†. Each of the pots was filled with the same amount of soil (filled 1 inch to the brim). A total of 15 red kidney beans were randomly selected from the seed packet and 5 seeds were planted on each pot. The seeds were buried in the soil with only the tip exposed. The seeds were labeled 1-5 on a piece of tape wrapping around the exterior of each pot. Each pot was watered with 35 ml of tap water. In addition to the tap water, 5 squirts of the 500 ppm auxin were squirted onto each of the 5 seeds in the pot labeled â€Å"500 ppm auxin†. In the pot labeled â€Å"5000 ppm auxin†, 5 squirts of 5000 ppm auxin were squirted onto each of the 5 seeds. In the third pot, only tap water was used and no auxin at all. The team members measured stem growth in plants each day for seven days. The height of stem growth was measured for all 15 plants and recorded in the data table. The plants were watered with 35 ml of tap water daily and given their appropriate solution treatment. The plants in the control pot only received the 35 ml of tap water. The plants in the â€Å"500 ppm auxin† pot received 35 ml of tap water and 5 drops (per seed) of 500 ppm auxin. The plants in the â€Å"5000 ppm auxin† pot received 35 ml of tap water and 5 drops (per seed) of 5000 ppm auxin. For this experiment, a statistical examination was conducted in the form of a t-test (Richard, 63). The t-test compares the growth means of each of the samples to the control (DI water). Therefore, the red kidney bean plants

Course work - consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Course work - consumer behaviour - Essay Example Major portion of their budget is being spent for the same purpose. People today tend to be more selective, alert, enlightened and powerful. The traditional concept of shopping has been effaced and a new slogan emerged â€Å"consumer is the king.† The conventional shops and outlets are at the verge of extinction. This makes the marketers to put their best efforts to categorize consumers according to their response toward the unfamiliar products. According to the studies conducted on the consumer behavior, consumers can be classified in to the following segments like highly dogmatic consumers, inner directed consumers, consumers with high Optimum Stimulation Levels and consumers with high need of cognition. This paper also discusses the various promotional strategies to be employed in the case of consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. The essay tries to pinpoint the specific consumer traits of each category of consumers with a view to design the most appropriate marketing strategies for each group. The buying behavior of consumers depends upon the individual personality. Many factors can influence the buying behavior of consumers. Culture plays a dominant role as most of the attitude s and beliefs of customers are strongly rooted in their cultural backgrounds. A child as a growing individual is influenced by his/her environment, cultural milieu, parents, siblings and all other right and wrongs that he learns from the elders and the people who come into contact with him/her. These factors are most likely to influence an individual’s purchase conduct too. The economical conditions also have a role in determining the behavior of consumers. Marketing strategies and advertising obviously influence the consumers purchasing performance. Goodwill or brand name of certain products and companies would promote the interests of consumers. Social status of people is yet another important factor that has a

Political Science 10 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Science 10 - Term Paper Example The aim of this paper is to understand and evaluate whether, in American politics, Paul Frymer’s theory relates to or explains Larry Bartels’ observations about the poor, per se, considered as one of the â€Å"captured groups.† In Uneasy Alliances, Frymer challenged how people, especially the Americans, view alliances, different races or groups, politics and its parties, and the American politics itself. All over the world, in politics, it is a standard principle to appeal to all kinds of groups in order to win an office. Frymer showed the opposite. He showed that all groups, majority and most especially the minority, are treated poorly and not equally. Politicians spend much of their time, efforts, and resources on white voters, thus damaging or disabling the African-American group. As the Republicans and Democrats try to appeal to White voters, they however, distance themselves from the group of Black voters. Black voters are then ignored and often left with bleak alternatives. The African-American group is a dominant example of a ‘â€Å"captured group.† Frymer strongly discussed America’s political system in which having only two parties is the one to blame for the inequality of the treatment of groups in the country. Just as the former president Bill Clinton did, he disassociated himself from the African-American voters so that he could win the Oval Office. Frymer juxtaposed the Black voter’s position with that of other social groups: lesbians, gays, and the Christians. They, too, have been â€Å"captured† and ignored. In his research and findings, Bartels focuses on the data and representation of the U.S. senators between the late 80s and early 90s – how they respond according to the income distribution of their constituents. Bartels aimed to deliver a distinctive study of how politicians, especially senators during the specified period and/or year, made policies

Exam question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam question - Essay Example In the depression period of 1930s, the economy in majority of the countries was down and cases of massive corruption were reported all over. Canada at this period became centralized in order to consolidate all its resources for easier distribution to everyone and it did this through social welfare system. The Canadians at this point were unemployed and the new government under the rule of Bennet came up with Dominion Unemployment Relief, a legislature meant to provide people with relief as a form of social welfare service (Ferguson 34). Social services like hospital care and insurance, old age services offering people work at minimal wages in relief camps were provided by the government in order to ensure everyone got the services despite the depression looming at this point and unemployment being the order of the day. After the Second World War, people lost their jobs and had nothing more to do until the Korean War. The government therefore as a way to sustain its people continued with the centralized government and also continued with the social welfare it had carried out during the depression period. The family allowance Act ensured that parents received monthly payments to take care of their children. The government had provided social welfare services to its citizens after the depression by giving them employment and this also took place after the Second World War. People still wanted the government to continue with the social welfare program after the Second World War, and this put pressure on the government to continue. Under the governance of Louis St. Laurent which is the one that experienced most of the social pressure, there was initiation of social welfare services like public housing, federal hospital grants and also assistance programs for the disabled in the society. Changes in the pension and old age security and where even the aboriginal people were offered cash benefits were also experienced. The private charities which were offering

If you could make one scientific discovery in your lifetime, what Essay

If you could make one scientific discovery in your lifetime, what would it be and why - Essay Example Let me explain why: I might offer a rather unsupported claim stating that many individuals devote a significant portion of their early adult life to medicine and health care for the monetary benefits that this industry can potentially provide. This assertion might sound a tad bit presumptuous, however it does not diminish the capabilities and ultimate competencies of these ambitious individuals. However, there are those people, such as myself, who view the efforts of contemporary medical communities to be an attempt at sustaining the health and well-being of generations to come. I think this might be an argument which can be supported by the successes of other pioneering professionals in the medical field, such as the reduction of various, ancient plagues and diseases which once wreaked havoc on society, but are no longer threatening to contemporary communities. Though these researchers primarily contributed to disease warfare appropriate for their individual time in history, their long-term legacies t o social and physical health improvement are most notable and remarkably sustainable. Having offered this, the elimination of the genetic factors controlling the aging process would become a significant project with everlasting, positive consequences for the way that we, as humans, would live our lives. I believe that with this discovery, the future global community would no longer experience diminished human morale and would virtually eliminate problems with suicide. Why, you ask? With the prospect of eternal life would come greater opportunities for cognitive growth and emotional maturity, helping individuals to mold their ambitions toward self-discovery and methods by which to make contributions to society. Where todays society is plagued by the realization that the accomplishment of lifelong goals is limited by progressive aging, tomorrows culture would likely learn crucial elements such

Illiteracy in Prison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Illiteracy in Prison - Research Paper Example It is important to understand the notion of illiteracy when related to the prison system. Contemporary research has shown a very high rate of illiteracy in the prison system and it is well to inquire whether this is a consequence of various factors or it is just a mere coincidence. The prison system that the country uses today and in the 20th century is the same. In the 20th century, the prisons experienced major reforms in terms of the structure and the staffing. However, one major aspect that the system did not accommodate was the technological characteristic. Technology in major institutions is one very important characteristic as in the 21st century; most of the education relayed to students is through technology. For example, calculators have come in as a great deal to serve the contemporary students with faster ways of calculating in fields such as chemistry, physics and mathematics. The fact that there has not been any introduction of the new technology devices in the prison s ystem is a factor showing that it is not a coincidence that there is a lack of literacy in the prison system. Where there are these gadgets in the prison system, many inmates would develop professional knowledge that would assist them in the advancements of a career. Upon release from the system, they would get proper jobs that would help them shun all criminal activities thus making the environment a safer place. Lack of the gadgets in the prisons encourages the prisoners to engage in or form illegal groups in prisons (Haigler, O'Connor, and Campbell, 2008). The economic condition in the outside world is one other factor linked to the high amount of illiteracy in the prisons. In the contemporary times, the rates of recession have been steadily on the rise and thus making people engage in activities that will serve to help them gain a meal for the day. The economic factors extend so far such as even professionals such as doctors engage in activities that do not fit their job descrip tion. An example of this is a doctor who may go way out of his career path to sell prescription drugs to addicts in an effort to make the extra cash. These conditions affect the professionalism of people and when they stray to carry out activities that do not suit them, the resulting factor is the lack of essence to the career that a person has. With the lack of essence, it is common to find the person forfeiting his job and concentrating on the illegal side job as a whole. Through this, the person may lose certain concepts taught in the professional school attended due to lack of practice and this would eventually render a former literate person illiterate. In the connection to the prison system, the person is sent to prison and hence the high number of illiteracy in the facilities. Other factors that lead to illiteracy in prison are political factors. In the community, the high rate of unemployment leads to people suffering and searching for means to gain income. One of the most c ommon times that people engage in these activities is during political campaigns. Political campaigns are a very noticeable aspect of the community and politicians often go ahead to look for people to spread their popularity in various regions with the promise of a certain amount of fund. Many of the politicians do not pay the campaigners until the campaign is over and the results announced. This one factor motivates campaigners to work very hard in an effort to please the party candidate. Many

Policing functions paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policing functions - Research Paper Example The agencies have separate agendas, motives and responsibilities and they follow separate protocols but all operate with the main aim of attaining the objective of providing security and peace to the US society. In US there are different roles of different policing agencies which they conduct at their own level and these roles have a major impact on the overall society of US. Body The primary and the most basic function of all policing agencies are to ensure that the laws are enforced, offenders are brought to justice, crime is prevented, peace and discipline is preserved and they even operate to provide various other services to the society of US. Several of the functions carried out by the law enforcement agencies tend to coexist and are similar in nature. For example: While policing officials try to maintain order within the society, they may conduct arrests of those individuals who are indulged in anti-social behavior. The ultimate aim of all policing agencies is to deter crime f rom occurring in future. Policing Functions and Evolution There are various policing organizations that operate at the federal level, these organizations include: the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) and DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) (Pollock, 2012, p.90). FBI happens to hold a premier position and it is involved in the process of obtaining and providing facts as well as evidence for cases that are taken fall in the constituency of federal jurisdiction. According to the mission statement provided by FBI, its main functions are to safeguard the region of United States against threats that are terrorizing in nature and threats that may be poised by international intelligence. They even conduct the function of upholding and enforcing laws that are created to fight crime in the region of US and they even provide services to fight crime at the local, state and the federal level and to provide similar services to foreign partners. Th e FBI has evolved over the years since its inception, before the attacks that took place during the period of 1993 as well as 1995; the agency was unaware of terrorist plots that were being created at the national and the international level against the US. After these incidences, the organization expanded and several offices of the organization were created throughout the US and started providing educational services in the field of law enforcement to both local and international communities. For example: during the period of 1994, the organization assisted in the creation of ILEA (The International Law Enforcement Academy) (FBI, 2013). Later due to the 9/11 bombings on the World Trade Center buildings and other government buildings resulted in changing the structure of FBI (Walker, 2011, p.526). Due to this even the USA patriot Act was enacted to assist FBI by increasing their power to fight terrorist activities (FBI, 2013). During the period of 2007, further changes were made to FBI as new procedures were created for the field officers of the organization so terrorism could be countered in an effective and efficient manner. Another level at which policing in US operates is the state level of policing. In state level of policing each state have a separate police department and these police departments along with their officers have control over the entire state. Police at the state level are required to conduct investigations that are

Brand Health Check Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brand Health Check - Essay Example In order to regain financial stability and overcome losses, playboy has extended its target market to a broader spectrum and positioned the brand in a different way. The whole targeting approach is explained below: Playboy has done the market segmentation based on the demographic factors especially gender, income profile and business groups in which the potential consumers belong. During the launch of the magazine its target market was the working men but after the decline of sales in 1982’s, they have shifted their focus to working class women also. The current median age of their target age group is 33. Playboy has introduced their product in variety of mediums such as television and online. Visual products were targeted to couple, irrespective of their working class, and the online media for market penetration and reach. (Playboy Enterprises. N.d) In 1990s, the declining sales figure forced playboy to rethink their market segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy. They discovered that explosive growths are available in Far East market, like in Japan. The company realized that change in income profile in Japan has changed the demographic as well as the psychographic orientation of the customers. Hence the segmentation was done according to the psychographics of the consumers. As people started to get out of the workaholic and obsessive behavior, their mindset also changes and the targeting strategies must be restructured in order to expand the market.(The Tech, 1990) Recent studies have shown that in order to stop the ever decreasing sales figure, playboy needs to rethink their positioning strategy in a different way. Playboy is no longer considered to be the lifestyle magazine against the conservative male norms. The company is targeting the middle-aged uneducated and under-paid people too because of product saturation in the existing market (Lapp.2013). Market share can be

Teen pregnancy Case Essay Example for Free

Teen pregnancy Case Essay Effects Teen pregnancy causes dramatic changes to a teen girls lifestyle, emotional well-being and body. According to PregnancyCenters.org, some of the most long-lasting effects of teen pregnancy involve the emotional stress of planning for parenthood, or planning for adoption. Prevention/Solution The only guaranteed method of avoiding teen pregnancy is abstinence. If a teen does decide to become sexually active, she should talk to her parents, physician, counselor or other mentor or health-care professional about available methods of birth control. Mainstream MTVs hit shows 16 and Pregnant and Teen Mom have brought teenage-pregnancy awareness and prevention into mainstream popular culture. Sponsored Links Are you a Teen Girl? Having sex has consequences! Come read the stories from other teens. www.StandUpGirl.com Family Problems? Find resources and help for Filipino families www.usapangpamilya.com Want to get pregnant? Many people carry genetic mutations that can be passed on to offspring. genetestnow.com Pregnancy = Numb Fingers? Relax. Take a Deep Breath. We have the Answers. No More Numb Fingers TherapyGloves.com/numbfingers.html Related Searches Teenage Pregnancy Help Teen Pregnancy Pregnancy Facts Pregnancy Abortion Unplanned Pregnancy More to Explore Reasons Why Teenagers Get Pregnant How to Support a Pregnant Teenager 9 Infertility Causes in Young Women (Parent Society) Is That Normal? 9 Surprising Age-Related Changes (Shape) Whats this? References National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy: 50-State ComparisonsCost of Teen Childbearing National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy: BrieflyTeen Pregnancy Rates in the United States, 1988-2006 MSNBC: HealthTeen Birth Rates Highest in Most-Religious States Photo Credit Thinkstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images Read more: What Is Teenage Pregnancy? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_6005988_teenage-pregnancy_.html#ixzz2IPDAfzYE

Soft System Methodology

Soft System Methodology Andrzej Werner   Soft System Methodology can be described as a 7-step process aimed to help provide a solution to real life problematic situation caused by two different perceptions by implementing defensible and sensible models for comparison with the situation in real life in order to assist in making decisions or recommendations as to the solution or response for the problem. Those models are referred to as Conceptual models, those models logically represent what steps needs to be undertaken, in order to achieve desired effect stated in root definitions which are created based on the roles, norms and values taken from the identified problem. In another words conceptual models are models that show what a good standard looks like as to compare it with the real life situation to see what needs to be done to achieve that good quality standard. (Burge 1-14) A Law firm by the name of Crane, Poole and Schmidt is a professional law company with 15 years of experience; their reputation is well known as one of the law firms with unbeatable and compassionate lawyers.   In order to keep on top of the competitors, the companys IT department requires upgrading their infrastructure to be more efficient and reliable for research and documents to be exchanged. However the company is limited in the amount of money they can spend on the upgrade and cloud computing alternatives are not cheap. In order to develop accurate conceptual models for comparison of different possible solutions to the situation, first the problem has to be identified by recognizing the roles, norms and values for the people involved within the problem. In case of Crane, Poole and Schmidt the IT department wants to upgrade their infrastructure in order to benefit from the could-computing increasing the company efficiency, productivity and income. As Crane, Poole and Schmidt would be the first company to adopt could-computing technologies, that would give them a significant advantage and more modern approach over competitor companies. The first step is to identify the roles; those roles are social positions being involved within the problem. Those roles are categorized by expected norms or behaviors in it, which is judged by the local values or standards that the person within the position of the role needs to achieve and accomplish. (Checkland 13-328) Role Board of directors   CEO The role of the Board of directors CEO is to manage the firm as well as conclude board meetings in case of larger scale decisions such as upgrade of the IT infrastructure within the Company. They are also responsible for any major contractors and partner companies, as well as conducting and applying new strategies to be ahead of the competitors in their profession. This board is also responsible for granting permissions to any larger scale projects within the company, as well as allowing the required/allocated budget and resources. Norms The standard norms that Board of directors with the CEO should perform include: To carefully analyze the need for a change or the upgrade or the company Monitor financial aspects and act accordingly to the companys best interest Make informed decisions within the best interest of the company Values The values which the role should perform are for the greater good of company so the Board of directors with the CEO will be judged based on the local standards or values: Allocate appropriate budget for the projects Make correct decisions for approval and disapproval, when it comes to projects within the company, strategies used to stay on top of the competitors and/or choice of partners with the firm Role System Analyst The system analyst is responsible for analyzing the current system and its implications, and what could be done to improve it. System analyst will analyze the current system, then design and implement new IT infrastructure. This role is very vital for the upgrade of the IT infrastructure because system analyst will design and implement upgraded IT infrastructure, including both software and hardware requirements. Norms A system analyst has certain norms that his role requires to perform, these norms include: Study the current infrastructure to identify its strong and weak points Design a new infrastructure with necessary hardware and software requirements Implement and test new infrastructure and report back to the IT Department Administrator Values As for the values which the role is expected to achieve, are as follows: Managing the upgrade within the deadline Managing the upgrade within a given budget Reviewing the progress of the implementation Determine possible options for the upgrade, including hardware and software requirements. Communication with the IT department and third-party online cloud based solutions. Role IT Department Administrator The administrator of the IT department (henceforth admin) is a crucial role to a company; because the administration department is responsible for smooth flow of information between different departments within the company. The role of administrator of any department comes with specific responsibilities which need to be fulfilled. In this case: managing the IT department, any projects that incorporate the IT department, manage the performance of department and its impact on the company, as well as managing the approved budget for the department and IT infrastructure of the company. (Mishra) Norms With the role of an admin of a department there are specific norms that the role should exhibit, these involve: To be able to improve employees capability to manage and organize the workplace in professional and effective manner Advance a suitable assets management approach Advance a suitable workplace management approach Capable of creating administrative procedures Capable of planning and controlling given budget for the department Values A role of administrator also requires specific values to be achieved by occupant of that role. As for the occupant of the role these values are what the occupant is judged on. The occupant needs to be able to manage and plan budget well for the department Admin also is required to manage the department to ensure professional and efficient working standard Admin is also required to ensure the IT infrastructure of the firm is working without any complications Role Financial Manager The role of a financial manager is to be responsible for financial condition of the company; their job involves data analysis and advising senior managers on different strategies for maximizing the company profit. The financial manager will be responsible for calculating the budget for the upgrade of the IT infrastructure; they will calculate costs for upgrade of the infrastructure but also the estimated savings achieved by this upgrade. (Derweesh, Schnitzer and Stettin) Norms The standards that the financial manager must achieve in his performance are as follows: Organize business motion reports and financial statements Ensure legal requirements are achieved by observing over the financial details Assist the management in financial judgments Analyze company financial records and position and seek a new strategies for cost reduction Perform analysis of the market to spot potential possibilities for increase of the company and obtaining new companies Values A role of financial manager is not easy and often requires working in-collaboration with executives group, CEOs and administrative boards. This role is assessed by certain values which include: Financial condition of the firm Net income of the company Costs and Cost reduction strategies Making sure that all of the legal requirements are met for any transaction performed by the company. Role End-user The end-user group is a role in which the employees of the firm, is a role that is important where each employee is doing their designated tasks in order to improve the growth, efficiency and functionality of the firm. Those employees are using the companys IT infrastructure on daily basis changing it will also have a specific impact on those end-users. Norms Norms that belong to end-user role are: Performing their part in the company and professionally and efficiently deal with the tasks assigned Be responsible for customer data safety and integrity Use the company IT services for work on daily basis Values The values which this role should exhibit are: Perform the job/task professionally, ethically, lawfully and efficiently Work with customers and their data Always represent company in a good name Do not use companys IT services for reasons not associated with work Role Third-Party Companies Another role involved with this upgrade is third-party cloud companies,   which will be used in the upgrade of the infrastructure. Those companies occupy a role where they are responsible for providing cloud-based service to the company and all of its employees, as well as ensuring the safety of the firm and customer data. Norms The norms that this role should exhibit are as follows: 99.9% uptime of the servers and the service Good data security Good customer support Variable price range and different package options Good back-up and disaster recovery planning Values This role also has its values which need to be achieved in order to be recognized as a professional company and service in the industry. Those values are what the companies providing the service are judged on, these include: Uptime of the servers providing the service Amount of security breaches the company has had Techniques for security of the data Price being comparable to the competitors Quality of the customer support Quality of the service Rich Picture The root definitions are used to logically figure out what steps the company will need to undertake, to achieve the desired outcome of the definition. The root definition comes from CATWOE analysis which consists of six stages, including; client, actors, transformation, world view, owner and environment. (Simonsen 1-18), (Williams 1-20) C Client As the receiving party, client in this scenario are the end-users of the system (employees using the current IT infrastructure), the main issue that the client has is that they are comfortable with the current IT infrastructure and they do not want any changes, additionally the end-users are not happy that they have to go through additional training to get used to new system while dealing with the customers. Even though the clients like the idea of a cloud based infrastructure, they are afraid about their ability to perform their tasks on a new system, thinking that the company will increase its profits while the employees will have to work with new and unfamiliar infrastructure. A Actors The actors are the roles which will perform the Transformation (T), people involved in the upgrade of the IT infrastructure are the board of directors and CEOs, IT department admin, financial manager and system analyst. The impact which they will experience is additional work for most of the sides, as well as additional costs to higher system analyst and the budget for the upgrade. The final decision is going to be made by the board of directors and CEOs whether the upgrade is possible/ required or neither. The actors which work in the company may not be happy about additional costs and work, however they know the reason for this upgrade is to constantly stand out above the competitors, at the same time they see benefits for the work flow within the company. T- Transformation The process of transformation in this case is the process of taking inputs which are the opinions of the employees as to see what they think about the cloud based infrastructure and transforming that into the system requirements for the end-users. As well as taking current IT system hardware and software resources and transforming them into an extra budget for the upgrade, what resources are needed and which can be sold that decision will be made by the IT department administrator. The overall budget will be allocated by the board of directors and CEOs influenced by the opinion from the financial manager. In order for the transformation to be successful certain steps need to be undertaken. First step would be for the CEOs to decide whether the upgrade is required or not, after which they would consult with the financial manager which could calculate estimated budget available for the upgrade. The approval for the upgrade along with the budget would be given to the admin of the IT department which then will be required to employ system analyst who will handle the upgrade within the estimated budget, and they will be responsible for finding system requirements by obtaining opinion from the end-users. System analyst will also be required to deal with 3rd party cloud service providers. (Simonsen 1-18) The output from this transformation will be increased working efficiency as the end-users will be able to perform some of the tasks in the comfort of their own home; additionally the reduction in hardware will increase company income as well as reduction in the personnel due to surplus to requirements will increase the company savings. The admin of the IT department will then develop a training program for the end-users. W World View The upgrade of the IT infrastructure is necessary for the company to stand out above the competitor in the industry, overall increasing the company productivity and profits. In a greater scheme of things, law firms are very strict about their working ethics and are not keen for any big changes as this could have an impact not only on the working efficiency of the employees but also on the customers which put trust into the company. As technology progresses increasing the benefits for many businesses, law firms also need to adapt to stay within the market and be viable to the target audience. In the bigger picture companies with a fast and reliable IT system can process and handle more customers at once increasing the profit, however as law firms are recognized as very respectful companies any mistakes made can have a dramatic impact on the customer basis and their trust. The wider impact of the solution is to not only increase company profit by upgrading to cloud but also to reduce hardware resources in effect becoming more eco-friendly, allowing the employees to work from home by connecting to cloud services as a result increasing the area of work to work with more customers, aside from cost and staff reduction the company will be noticeable as more modern with the same professional and ethical approach which will increase its popularity with the industry. O Owner The owner which is responsible for the upgrade and the IT system is the admin of the IT department, however the main owner are the CEOs of the firm, ultimately every bigger decision goes through them and they decide what to do as they give out the permission for the process and the budget. The owner is limited in the amount of assistance they can provide due to dealing with other projects, contracts and competitors, they can provide the permission for the upgrade and the budget but the rest of decision making and responsibility lies with the admin of the IT department. If the main owner would be constantly changing their mind on the allocated budget or the admin of the IT department would not be able to implement and manage the new system that could get in the way. However with a good level of communication with the CEOs is kept and all the benefits along with the design of the new system would be presented to them, that could potentially lead the owner to help out even more by for example making the budget more flexible. E Environment When it comes to changes within the system and how to company operates there are environmental constraints that need to be fellfield, these can range from simple in company rules/ guidelines to legislations and regulations necessary for the company lawful functionality. There are current laws and regulations which the company has to follow such as Data Protection Act 1998, Legal Services Act 2007, the Health and Safety Act 1974 and Companies Act 2006. All of those regulations and legislations are in place as the firm is responsible for protecting and promoting the public interest. Aside from the laws and regulations already in place, in order to perform transformation processes there are environmental aspects to take into consideration when picking partners which will provide the service. As the law firms deals with not only the company data but also customer data, when performing the upgrade the service provides should ensure the full Safe Harbour agreement if any or all information would be stored outside the EEA. The service provider also should ensure that the communication between the employees that are working on the move is secured, as well as the provider should ensure 24h access to the service. Additionally the service should have compliance with ISO 20071 and must include requirements of the SRA Code of Conduct. Root definition One A system administered by the admin of the IT department owned by CEOs Crane, Poole and Schmidt, requires upgrade due to the system being slow and not secure. Upgrading to cloud based alternatives would sort out the matter of security as well as storage. By upgrading to cloud computing as a result there will be a reduction of human resources in the office allowing the end-users to travel to client locations increasing in company productivity, reputation and services. Because of the transformation certain new legislations and policy comes into place, not only keeping the use of service for professional and ethical reasons, ensuring data integrity by following Data Protection Act 1998 and ensure that no end-user will breach regulations such as Computer Misuse Act 1990. By moving into the cloud computing some new challenges could be created where some of the customer basis could have a doubt about their private data being stored somewhere in an unknown location. Using the service providers that are based only within the EEA is a must as it ensures data protection laws additionally the service provider should ideally also follow SRA Code of Conduct. However another way to ease those in doubt would be to implement a hybrid system where some of the data is stored locally and some of the data is stored on secure servers in the cloud. Also the use of encryption software to automatically encrypt company documents and customer data would put additional level of security in place. (Burge 1-14) C Client As a client in this case customers are the main recipients of the benefit from the upgrade of the infrastructure as they will be able appointments done not only in the office but also over the internet and in the comfort of their own home. The employees will be able to carry their data and files with them to the customer location and present all the information there by accessing the company data, stored on a secure server in the cloud. A Actors As for the people performing the transformation, actors include the main directors and CEOs which will be able to approve and provide the budget for the upgrade, financial manager will assist CEOs in budget allocation and admin of the IT department with budget management. The admin will be responsible for management of the upgrade and training for the end-users, he will also employ a system analyst for advice and guidance during the upgrade. T Transformation Transformation is focused on reduction of the redundant resources and implementing a cloud-based infrastructure which will be used by end-users to do the honors for the customers, increasing the employee productivity, company income and customer satisfaction. The entities responsible for the upgrade are the admin of the IT department with the assistance of system analyst and financial manager. Another important factor of the transformation is the review of the performance and income to be able to take improvement action to constantly improve. W World View A good and well respected company in the industry always has to take into consideration their impact and opinion on society, target audience, customers and other parties. Cloud computing is a new technology that grows rapidly, enabling companies to be more flexible in their line of work and benefiting customers by delivering the service to them, additionally reduction in hardware resources will also make the company more eco-friendly. O Owner The real owner of this project is the board of directors CEOs as they make the main and final decisions for the well health being of the company, they are also the entity that has the complete control over the budget designated for the upgrade. By providing sufficient budget and approval for the upgrade the owner assists the actors and improves company reputation, income and efficiency. E Environment As for the environment variable which affect the impacts the upgrade and the company are law legislations, guidelines and regulations which the company has to ensure in order to develop and maintain professional trust with the customers and partners. These legislations would include Data Protection Act 1998, Health and Safety Act 1974 and Legal Services Act 2007. Additionally the company should ensure that the service providers will follow appropriate laws and regulations, such as SRA Code of Conduct (Solicitors Regulation Authority) and ISO 2007/1 guidelines. Root definition Two A system owned by the law firm Crane, Poole and Schmidt, which is under the supervision of the administrator of the IT department serves the end-users which deal with customers on daily basis increasing the company reputation and income. The upgrade of the system is necessary to increase the company productivity and efficiency, by expanding to cloud computing the firm and its employees can work from anywhere at any given time increases the customer base and enhancing the companys productivity and efficiency. As dealing with customer data is crucial for the company functionality, data integrity has to be kept and all of the legislations and regulations to do with the business and customer relations and data have to be followed. (Williams 1-20), (Burge 1-14) (Williams 1-20), (Checkland 13-328) Burge, Stuart. An Overview Of The Soft Systems Methodology. 1st ed. Burge Hughes Walsh, 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. Checkland, Peter. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. 1st ed. Chichester: Wiley, 2002. Print. Derweesh, Zayd, Tom Schnitzer, and Jessie Stettin. The Role Of Financial Managers. Boundless. N.p., 2016. Web. 9 Mar. 2017. Mishra, Pankaj. Effective Role Of Administration In An Organization. linkedin.com. N.p., 2014. Web. 7 Mar. 2017. Simonsen, Jesper. Soft Systems Methodology. 1st ed. semanticscholar, 1994. Web. 9 Mar. 2017. Williams, Bob. Rich Pictures And CATWOE: Simple Yet Powerful Scope-Modelling Techniques. 1st ed. bobwilliams, 2005. Web. 18 Feb. 2017.

South African Natural Resources Economics Essay

South African Natural Resources Economics Essay The South African natural resources mining industry is long recognized as the most important sector and in spite of the fact that it is the sixth largest provider to total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at currently; and is still regarded as a foundation stone of the economy and the chief employer. The mining industry is a well-established and resourceful sector of South Africas economy and has a high degree of technical expertise as well as the ability to assemble capital for new development. The immensity of the known mineral resources and reserves were revealed by means of conservative exploration methods, still significant potential is expected for the unearthing of other top-notch deposits in areas still to be thoroughly explored with contemporary exploration technology. South Africa is a leading producer and supplier of a range of minerals and produces approximately 53 different minerals from 1548 mines and quarries as well as exports to approximately 80 countries. As a chief mining country, South Africas strengths comprise a soaring level of technical expertise and research and development activities. South Africas Mineral Resources can be classified into: Precious Metals and Minerals Energy Minerals Non- Ferrous Metals and Minerals Ferrous Metals and Minerals Industrial Minerals PRECIOUS METALS MINERALS INTRODUCTION South Africa is the worlds largest producer of platinum-group metals (PGMs) and the fifth largest producer of gold. The country is also a major producer of diamonds, while silver is produced as a by-product from gold, lead-zinc, copper and PGM mines. 1.1 DIAMOND South Africas 2009 diamond production was less than half of 2008 production, falling by 52.3 percent to 6.1 Mat. Diamonds sourced from kimberlitic contributed 91.8 percent to the countrys total production, while alluvial and marine diamonds contributed 4.8 and 3.4 percent, respectively. Production from De Beers Consolidated Mines dominated the countrys total output with a contribution of approximately 85 percent, despite a 49 percent reduction in carats recovered in 2009. 1.2 GOLD South Africas gold industry has been the principal focus of black economic empowerment, resulting in a changing ownership structure. With the increase in the price of gold and the worldwide economic slowdown, investment in gold has increased, with investors seeking safe haven investments. Demand for gold also increased in 2009, particularly from India and China. 1.3 PLATINUM GROUP METALS The PGMs include platinum, palladium, gold, rhodium, osmium, rhenium, iridium and ruthenium. Platinum, palladium and rhodium are produced in substantial quantities. South Africa is the largest producer of platinum in the world and holds a large percentage of global reserves. 1.4 SILVER Silver is produced in South Africa as a by-product of gold, lead-zinc, copper and PGM mines. South Africa does not have a primary silver mine and the metal is only produced as a by-product of other minerals, most notably gold. 2. ENERGY MINERALS INTRODUCTION South Africa is well endowed with both coal and uranium reserves and is ranked amongst the top ten in the world, but has relatively small known reserves of oil and gas. South Africa is the 7th and 11th largest world producer of coal and uranium, respectively. 2.1 COAL According to the 2010 BP Statistical Energy Survey, South Africa had end 2009 coal reserves of 30408 million tones, 3.68% of the world total. South Africa has Africas only significant coal reserves. 2.2 OIL NATURAL GAS According to the 2012 BP Statistical Energy Survey, South Africa consumed an average of 547.25 thousand barrels a day of oil in 2011, 0.64% of the world total. South Africa is the leading economic power in Africa as well as a key player in the African oil industry. 2.3 URANIUM The AngloGold Ashanti mine is the major producer of uranium as a by-product of gold in South Africa from three mines, namely, Great Noligwa, Moab Khotsong and Kopanang. Nuclear Fuel Corporation (Nucor) exports all uranium oxide (U3O8), which is processed through calcinations of uranium slurry. 3. NON-FERROUS METALS AND MINERALS INTRODUCTION South Africas non-ferrous minerals resources are rated amongst the top 10 countries in the world. The country is well endowed with titanium and zirconium resources, which is economically mineralized in heavy mineral sands in Kwan-Zulu Natal as well as the Eastern and Western Cape. 3.1 BAUXITE South Africa does not mine any bauxite. It does, however, have an active aluminum smelting industry. The Hillside aluminum smelter sited in Richards Bay is one of the worlds most superior and efficient AP30 smelters and produces T-bars and primary aluminum ingots. 3.2 ANTIMONY South Africa is a major global antimony producer, producing 3 000 t in 2009. The largest antimony producer in South Africa is Consolidated Murchison, a subsidiary of Metorex Limited. 3.3 NICKEL COBALT Most of South Africas nickel and cobalt are produced as by product of platinum mining activities on the Bushed Igneous Complex. Nickel mining is done by means of an underground shaft and also by open-pit mining. Oxidized chromatist is also mined as division of the pre-strip of the future open pits. 3.4 COPPER Parabola, South Africas leading copper producer, is located 360km north east of Pretoria, close to the Kruger National Park. Parabola is also a major source of vermiculite and baddeleyite (zirconium oxide). The majority shareholders in Parabola Mining Co. are Rio Tinto plc (57.7%) and Anglo-American. 3.5 ZINC LEAD Exira owns Zinced, an electrolytic zinc refinery with the capacity to produce 110ktpa of zinc and 170 kappa of sulphuric acid. The refinery, located 50 km east of Johannesburg in Springs, processes some 240ktpa of zinc concentrate. 3.6 TITANIUM ZIRCONIUM South Africa is Africas main producer, with 30% of world production, second after Australia. Limonite, retiled and leucoxene are the primary ore minerals of titanium and are usually found in localized beach placer deposits, hence the term Heavy Mineral Sands. Anglo American and BHP Billiton are the main producers from their operation on both coasts of South Africa. 4. FERROUS METALS AND MINERALS INTRODUCTION South Africa is the worlds largest producer of chromium and vanadium ores and a leading supplier of their alloys. It is also a major producer of iron and manganese ores, an important supplier of manganese alloys and a small producer of ferrosilicon and silicon metal. 4.1 CHROMIUM African chrome is produced from the Bushed Complex in South Africa, which has 80% of global reserves and produces approximately 50% of global chromate. Nearly all of Zimbabwes chrome production is sourced from the Great Dyke and consumed for local ferrochrome plants. 4.2 IRON ORE According to the USGS, South Africa produced 53 million metric tons of iron ore in 2009, making it the worlds 7th largest producer. It also estimated, in 2009, that South Africa has 1000 million tons of crude ore reserves and 650 million metric tons of iron content reserves. 4.3 MANGANESE South Africa currently accounts for about 75% of the worlds identified manganese resources. These mostly occur near Hoatzin in the Northern Cape Province. According to the USGS, reserves were estimated at 15 billion tons in 2011. South Africa was the worlds largest producer of manganese in 2011, producing 3.4 million tons. 4.4 VANADIUM Pure vanadium (V) is a bright white metal, and is soft and ductile. It is has a good corrosion resistance to a variety of alkalis and acids, but oxidizes readily above 660 C. About 85% of vanadium is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive. 5. INDUSTRIAL MINERALS INTRODUCTION Industrial minerals are generally high volume, low value commodities that will usually bear minimum costs of underground exploitation since most occur near surface. As a result, most industrial minerals require less complicated mining techniques and, therefore, present opportunities for small-scale mining development. SOUTH AFRICAN CEMENT INDUSTRY The cement production process Cement is a synthetic grind that, when assorted with water and aggregates, produces concrete. The cement-making process can be divided into a few basic steps: Mining limestone Proportioning and grinding limestone with other à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾correctiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ raw materials Manufacturing clinker in a kiln at temperatures of 1,450ËÅ ¡C Grinding clinker and extra minerals to produce the powder known as cement Distributing cement to clients Southern Africa Cement Industry: Overview A resource-rich country, characterized by vigorous GDP growth and a flourishing construction market, South Africa has all the markings of a sensation story for cement producers. With numerous capacity extension projects being planned or recently concluded, South African cement companies are gearing up for a constant expansion of the cement market. Consumption South Africa has enjoyed a stable increase in its cement utilization in recent years and the 2004-2006 periods proved no exception. In 2004, conjugal cement demand stood at 10.69Mt, rising by 11.6 per cent to 11.934Mt the year after. The strongest regional growth in 2006 was recorded in the Western Cape which saw its cement market inflate by almost 20 per cent. Other markets to trace double-digit growth figures were Mpumalanga (16.8 per cent), Kwazulu-Natal (14.7 per cent), Gauteng (13.4 per cent) and Free State (10.5 per cent). Market movement The market shares of the four players on the basis of production capacity are as follows: PPC cement leads the pack at 43%, followed by Afrisam at 24% and Lafarge at 23%. Cimpor accounts for 10% of overall production capacity. When, or if, all the new pipeline capacity is in production, PPCs production market share is expected to decline to 41%, Afrisam to 19%, Lafarge to 18%, while Sephaku will account for 10% of overall production capacity, and Conticem an anticipated 3%. Challenges faced by the Cement Industry Soaring fuel prices and deceitful road and railway facilities facade a serious difficulty when it comes to the transport of cement. Mounting electricity and raw material costs are also totaling to production costs. Skills deficiency: Worldwide antagonism for skills. Accessible infrastructure besieged to get by with growth. Equipment and civil contract lead times increasing. Resistance in SA to make use of of kilns to set out waste Looking to the future of the cement sector in SA South Africa is in the process of restructuring its future. Structural improvements are taking place in its economy, infrastructure improvements have enlarged the nations economic capacity and will prop up, not obstruct future economic growth. A key move towards opening the construction industry to increasing opportunities is the Department of Housings invitation in March 2010, to invite suppliers of substitute building methods to team up later this year. The Major Cement Producing Players in South Africa 1. PRETORIA PORTLAND CEMENT: PPC is the principal supplier of cement in southern Africa through eight cement manufacturing facilities and three milling depots in South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe that can produce around eight million tons of cement products each year. 2. LAFARGE CEMENT ZIMBABWE: Lafarge Cement Zimbabwe Limited, previously Circle Cement Limited, is a Zimbabwe-based cement manufacturer and also a distributor of cement and related products. Lafarge has a production capacity of 450,000 MT per year, 120,000 MT of which is exported. 3. LAFARGE ZAMBIA: Lafarge Cement Zambia manufactures and provides cement for its local market and also exports to bordering DRC and Burundi.

Essay --

How different would the U.S. be if it were not energy dependent upon the Middle Eastern nations? It is estimated that the United States used over â€Å"18.6 million barrels per day (MMbd) of petroleum products during 2012†. (â€Å"How dependent are we on foreign oil?†) The U.S.’s dependence on oil has caused major difficulties regarding its military and economic status. However, biochemists in the U.S. have discovered new ways to decrease the U.S.’s dependence on foreign oil. By fermenting and distilling the sugars of corn, biochemists can create an organic compound called bioethanol (or denatured ethanol) that, when mixed with conventional gasoline, can be able to operate cars. Environmentalists have stated that ethanol may be more detrimental to the atmosphere than traditional gasoline. In addition, carmakers have noted that the use of ethanol may cause problems in cars’ engines. Does the benefit of America being energy dependent outweigh the speculated detrimental consequences of using ethanol? Ethanol is usually combined with traditional gasoline to create â€Å"gasohol† or gasoline and alcohol. â€Å"In fact, one-third of gasoline sold in the US is mixed with ethanol.† (Giametta) Adding ethanol lowers carbon dioxide emissions, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. Carbon emissions occur when the fuel combustion of the car is not fully completed. An incomplete combustion may yield carbon, carbon monoxide, and other chemicals. Ethanol is thirty percent oxygen. Adding oxygen yields a more complete fuel combustion; therefore, it would lower the amount of carbon emissions. There are two types of ethanol gas that can operate regular, unmodified cars: E10 and E15. E10 has a concentration of ninety percent gasoline and ten percent ethanol, while ... ...uction can get rid of waste and make fuel. [Also] From farm to car, cellulosic ethanol releases less greenhouse gas than gasoline (86 percent less) and corn ethanol (52 percent less than gasoline).†(Nasr) Cellulosic ethanol shows promising benefits, but it also has its own share of consequences. It, like corn ethanol, will significantly decrease a car’s mpg. Growing the biomass needed to create the ethanol is another matter at hand. Will the U.S. have enough land to grow enough plant biomass to satisfy the demand? Cellulosic ethanol emits greenhouse gases as well, so in reality, it doesn’t particularly solve the problem of greenhouse gases. Hopefully, in the near future, we will be able to mass produce an alternative fuel without any detrimental consequences, but until that time arrives, I believe that corn ethanol isn’t worth the financial and environmental risks.

Parents and Educators as a Powerful Influence Essay -- Graduate Colleg

Parents and Educators as a Powerful Influence Every individual has an impact on the world, no matter how small or insignificant it may seem. For the most part, the greatest impact an individual will have is limited to those with whom he interacts and the small community in which he lives. To a certain extent, each person has control over his own actions and decisions, and the choices he makes will ultimately determine how much power he will have over his own life. In as much as any human being can control his surroundings, he can also control the contributions he makes to the community and the quality of his own life. Although one might not ever be able to create an ideal world, through life experiences, relationships with those around him, imagination, and above all, education, he can reach his own human potential and achieve his own ideal individual existence. As no one can avoid interacting on some level with other human beings, no one lives in complete isolation. Literature, film, and music provide many examples of the consequences and implications of alienation and isolation. In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield’s constant attempts to alienate himself ultimately fail due to his love and desire to care for his sister, whose love and concern for him does not allow him to disengage totally from the world. It is through a person’s relationships with other people that he finds his place in the world and develops his own sense of importance. The caring and love of other human beings reaffirm a person’s sense of self-worth and give him the confidence to explore his world and form other attachments that will allow him to continue to grow and to develop as a person. ... ...ces in life. Educators introduce the child to a broad spectrum of knowledge, but more importantly, they fuel his imagination and present all the possibilities. Through art, literature, music, and history, in particular, a child can share the thoughts and feelings of those who came before him, and he can begin to explore his own imagination and creativity. It is this unique ability educators and parents have to connect children with the world around them that empowers the children to find their own places in society. This knowledge allows a child to discover and to revel in his own sense of individuality and to make choices and decisions that are true to his character. Perhaps Polonius said it best in Hamlet when he advised his son Laertes, â€Å"This above all: to thine own self be true,/And it must follow, as the night the day,/ Thou canst not then be false to any man.†

Early Exposure of Poor Filipino Children in Drudgery

Thesis Statement: The different forms of child labor exploitation or harmful labor have negative emotional, physical or mental impact on child laborers in the Philippines. I. Introduction Childhood is the most innocent stage in human life. It is the phase of life wherein a child is learning new things, fun-loving, free from all tensions and is the sweetheart of all family members. But this is only one side of the story. The other is full of tremendous problems and burdens. In this case, the innocent child is not the sweetheart of the family, instead, he/ she is an earning machine working the entire day n order to satisfy the needs and wants of his/ her family. This is what we call â€Å"Child labor. † There are various causes and effects of child labor that could totally affect or even damage children’s lives. The consequences of child labor to a child can be numerous and crippling on his/ her physical, mental and emotional state. It can seriously hamper the well being of a child who is supposed to get a sound education and nutrition to develop into a healthy adult. [1]†Child labor is horrible. These children get hurt, maimed, even killed. And guess what? Most kids in schools don’t even care. That is why we need to learn about it in school. To make a difference. † It is important to speak about the practice of abusive and exploitative child labor in order for us to be aware of these cases. Although most of the child workers do get the privilege of education, most end up being dropouts and repeaters because they are not able to focus on their studies. By becoming aware of the consequences that the child workers might face from their situations, we shall become vigilant by fighting its cause and therefore contribute towards the goal of eliminating the child labor cases in our country. II. Analysis A. Historical Background Child labor can be traced to the period of industrialization. It is believed that between 1780 and 1840, child exploitation was a foregone practice. It was common to find children working in factories, farms and mills. Some children started working as tourist guides; some worked as waiters or even set up small shops. Worst forms of child exploitation included military use of children and child prostitution. Families led lives which were manipulated by their employers. They would work for more than 72 hours a week for company owned amenities like goods and houses and for a small pay. Many anti-child labor movements were organized and led by working women and middle class consumers. However, even today many cases of child labor in the Philippines are not registered due to different reasons. Although the country has made remarkable strides to stop child labor, it still exists. The fight is still ongoing. According to the International Labor Organization, the number of working children is increasing daily. Sad but true, children are still being exploited in sweatshops. B. Literature Review Children as a Source of Labor 1. Unpaid Household Work The most common unpaid work within the household and also ost common across all types of unpaid work was household work with activities such as cooking, laundry, ironing, cleaning and gardening. The researchers found out that three-fourths of the children under took household work. Parents of the children who work within the household work have their time to relax and parents appreciate this as there rest day. In this case, ch ildren usually learn their task from their parents or older siblings. 2. Children as Income Earning Assets From interviewing some labourers, the researchers found out that many of child workers do not even know about their salary. Because parents or other relatives were the ones connive with the employer, mostly relative rather than the child workers are the recipient of financial remuneration. Even when the child workers receive the financial remuneration, many of them send the money to their parents and they would get little benefit. Although they know keeping some portion of the money with them will help in times of need. III. Child Labor in the Philippines A. Different Faces of Child Labor Child labor is an emotional issue, not only because many business is made large profit by exploiting children for extremely low wage but also ecause children were being deprived of education that would allow them to improve and make their life better. We have policies and programs that help the victims of child labor, however, it still couldn't help the fact that it's still growing until now, there is still argument dealing with child labor. Annually, the numbers of child labor victims is increasing. Working on a dangero us and hazardous job is the only way to help their family when it comes to expenses. Every shift, they face the most difficult trials in life. Everyday they experience loss of life, limb and innocence. Child labor victims are lso exposed to dirty jobs. Blacksmiths, tinsmiths, foundry work, glass factories, cotton and textile mills, coal mines and fields and child prostitution are some of the common jobs that young children are engage in. Being exposed to these dirty activities, children are prone to bacteria viruses so they have a higher possibility of getting sick they also experience many dangers when it comes to their job-child trafficking, especially for girls, often end up imprisoned in rooms, watched by arm guards, starve, beaten and rape by their own recruiters or captors. Children have to bear anything to survive their situation. B. Reasons of its Rapid Growth Child labor has grown to be a topic of widespread debate. It has many favorable and unfavorable points of view. In any case, child labor should be destroyed as it is harmful to the health of the children, it is an obstacle to their education, and it denies them a happy childhood. There are reasons why this dilemma is growing rapidly. One of this is the children work to help pay off a loan incurred by the family. For instance, a parent trade their child for money or because it gives them a wealthy life in change. The children from poor families in developing countries cannot study. Their parents cannot afford their school and study expenditures. Poor families are normally very large, and the bread earner is the male head who single-handedly cannot meet the needs of each member. Poverty hinders the children to do whatever they want. Every child has the right to the most basic of necessities in life like a healthy environment, formal education, and most importantly, a loving family to come home to. Parents are forced to send the little children into hazardous jobs for the reason of survival, even though they know it is wrong. Illiterate and ignorant parents do not understand the need for roper physical and emotional development of their child. They don’t pay enough attention to their responsibilities and that is why they don’t care about the education for their child. Adult unemployment and urbanization also causes child labor. Adults often find it difficult to find jobs because factory owners find it more beneficial to employ children at cheap rate s. One of these examples is the garment factories. The industrial revolution has also a negative effect by giving rise to circumstances which encourages child labor. Sometimes multinationals prefer to employ child workers in developing countries because they could work long nd can pay in a small wage. C. Children’s Rights (Regarding Child Labor) The children’s right is categorized into three by a Canadian organization. The first group is the provision. It means that children should have the right to live and should receive their fundamental needs in life. It also convey that children must have an adequate home, right amount of food to eat, should be engaged in a good lifestyle, health care, education to learn and to play. Next is the protection. The child should enjoy his/her protection. The child should be given the opportunities and a right facility. They should be Free from harm and abuse. Last is the participation. It signifies that the children should have the chance to join different programs and services that are accommodating to them. They also have the right to participate to other activities and facilities in their community. D. Number of Child Laborers The percentage of young people in Philippines between the age of five and seventeen is about 33 percent of its total population which comes to about 22. 4 million. This is a large number considering that Philippines is a young nation. Between the ages of 5 to 7 years, one in every six children has to work to arn a living and help support his or her family. This astounding fact tells us that around sixteen percent of young children in Philippines are working. Child Labor is prevalent in mining, production, farming, and deep sea fishing industries and many children are also working as domestic workers. Based on the 2000 survey of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and National Stat istics Office (NSO) and studies by the Bacolod-based research group Center for Investigative Research and Multimedia Services (CIRMS), around four million or 16. 2 percent of the 24. 9 million Filipino children (aged five to 17 years) work. This reflects a significant increase from the 1995 ILO and NSO surveys wherein 3. 6 million child workers were documented. The age group of 10-14 years accounted for 48 percent of the working children while the age group of 15-17 years accounted for 46 percent. There were more child male workers than child female workers. The gender ratio showed 173 male child workers for every 100 child female workers. Based on geographic distribution, about 70 percent child laborers were found in rural areas and only 30 percent in urban areas. Urban-based child workers were a little older than their rural counterparts: the average age of urban- ased child workers is 15 while the rural average age is 14. E. Working Hours The average number of working hours of children in productive activities was 28 per week. One-third of the children involve in productive activities for more than 35 hours per week. The intensity of work in productive activities was higher for boys(33 hours) than girls(26 hours). Th e survey also revealed that the highest proportion of children involve in these activities worked about 3-5 hours per day. IV. Impact of Child Labor in Children’s Lives A. Short-term Impact Most of the child workers studied were from poor families and ommunities, and this was reflected in their overall community health norm. Nevertheless, no significant differences in height and weight were obvious between working and non-working children from the same communities. Certain work situations were shown to affect the child workers’ health in specific ways. The hazards the children were exposed to were found to be place, work, and gender related. The NSO survey showed that about 30, 000 children had reported having suffered from work-related injuries/illnesses. Majority of these lived in the rural areas, especially in Region VII, ARMM, and Region X. Their most common njuries reported were cuts/wounds/punctures. Some illnesses/injuries reported were such that 3 in every 100 had to stop working and 50% had to temporarily stop working. Schistosomiasis, fatigue, backache, wounds, and over-exposure to the sun were related to agricultural work. Sleeplessness was reported in night fishing and garments manufacturing. Thypoid, gastro-enteritis, beriberi, respiratory ailments (TB, bronchitis and pneumonia), headaches, fever, coughs, dysentery, ruptured eardrums, and damaged auditory nerves were reported in deep sea diving. Fatal accidents such as drowning were reported in sea-related work. In manufacturing, skin and respiratory illnesses; impairment of the nervous system due to chemicals; headaches; backaches; leg cramps; allergies; and eyestrain were reported. Sun over-exposure was reported in stonecraft work. Accidents in manufacturing were due to cuts, punctures, and bone mashing. In services, exposure to environmental hazards and road accidents in street trades, colds, cough, STDs for prostituted children, harassment and threats to the body and life were reported. The NSO reported that while boys suffered more from the effects of hazardous work, illnesses such as body aches/pains were more common among emales, and more females also contracted skin rashes/diseases. Other studies showed that since there were more girls found in prostitution, they were also more prone to STDs. B. Long-term Impact Child labor has huge array of effect on children. Some are see to affect them for a long period of time. When children don’t go to school and learn, the possibility of excelling in life is lessened because they might not know anything. They only have little knowledge. Hazardous jobs can also affect their health. Several conditions are very life threatening and can affect their life until hey grow up. They might acquire some diseases that is incurable and lasts for a long time. They might also get themselves in accidents that would totally injure them physically, mentally and emotionally. They might get used to it, making their mindset more mature, not thinking about their freedom as a child and making them brainwashed zombies. V. The Economic History of Child Labor A. Early Industrialization and the Employment of Children Children in the Philippines, especially those who belong to low- income families are bound to an early participation in economic activities. At very oung ages, they are trained to help in household chores and, for many whose parent’s income cannot cover the needs of their families, contribute to be a family worker. Hence by the time they reach adolescence, most of them are well versed with the realities of the Philippine labor market. Young as they are, working adolescents are highly subjected to abuse and exploitation as they engage themselves in a variety of work, under varying conditions. Those working on the streets or scavenging as well as those trapped in the prostitution industry are exposed to violence and to threats to their moral development and health. Those engaged in domestic service are often isolated and may suffer physical and sexual abuse. Working adolescents in home based industries often work in poor, even unsafe conditions. Working adolescents can be found in practically all sectors of the economy. They cut across major occupational groups and cover a wide range of economic activities. In general, however, working male adolescents are concentrated in non-domestic occupations like wood working, fishing, hauling, scavenging and newspaper selling. On the other hand, working female adolescents are commonly into domestic work, sidewalk vending and in industries requiring anual dexterity, such as embroidery work in sewing. In rural areas, adolescents work for large plantations like vegetable and rice farms. Those in urban areas may be found in the retail trade and in services and small-scale manufacturing enterprises. Of those in the industry sector, majority are engaged in the manufacturing sub sector, while those in the servic es sector are mostly found in the personal services and trade sub sectors. B. The Child Labor Market 1. Supply of Child Workers As we know, human are one of the most abundant things in our planet. We can see humans of different races almost everywhere. Children have higher ratio than adults, especially in the Philippines. So, there is no problem in finding children to train for work. Child workers are scattered everywhere. There are so many cases of child labor, either legal or illegal. In the Philippines, child workers are seen everywhere, even in the dangerous streets of Metro Manila. It seems that they have invaded this region. They are like ants because of their huge number. Some are vendors of certain things like toys, foods, service and other commodities. Our country seems to have an unlimited supply of child workers. Where all these children coming from? Well, judging from biological aspects of the human race, they came from their parents after a night of love. There are only few ways of reducing these big numbers because it is a natural process and it is bad to fight nature. The only way to reduce it is through discipline. Now, we are having an unlimited supply of child workers. 2. Demand of Child Workers Why is there so many child workers on the road? Many people hire children because of the advantages they get. One of the reason is the child’s energy. Children seem to be energetic even though they are tired after a long day’s work. We, costumers pity the children and because of that we buy from them. Syndicates like to hire children because of their charming look as well as their helpless look. So, if people would buy from them, they will just advertise and promote child workers. These had been a big demand for child workers because of these reasons. Children have a high demand in the market today because of their amazing qualities and capabilities. VI. Government Agencies and Laws A. Government Agencies 1. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) The Dole has numerous programs whose goal is to reduce the incidence of child labor. Example of which are as follows: . Coordination of DOLE ad the International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (ILO- IPEC). b. Studies such as the Gender Statistics on Labor and Employment (GSLE) generates data on working children c. The Philippine Program Against Child Labor d. Projects such as strengthening national capacities to support the Philippine program against chil d labor e. Partnership of DOLE with UNICEF 2. Department Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) DSWD as mandated by the national government has waged war against child labor. Programs such as the following were implemented: a. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s) b. Regional Sub-committee for the welfare of children (RSCNC) which one sees and monitors the personality of local councils for the protection of children. c. DSWD- provided educational assistance, skills, training and livelihood assistance. 3. Philippine National police (PNP) The PNP is the enforcers of laws appertaining child labor. PNP started their crack down on â€Å"muro-ami† an illegal method of fishing that more often than not, exploits minors. B. Non- Government Agencies 1. Compassion Compassion is a child development center that sponsors children and provide them with food, shelter, education and health care as well as Christian trainings. It is a Christian child advocacy ministry that releases children from spiritual, economic, social and physical poverty and encourage them to become responsible, fulfilled Christian adults. 2. Bantay Bata 163 This is a social welfare program of the ABS-CBN Foundation. It aims to protect disadvantaged and at risk children through a nationwide network of social service. Among these services, the national emergency hotline†163† which allows people to call and report incidence of child abuse exploitation and neglect. C. Laws 1. RA 9231 A. special protection of children against child abuse, exploitation nd discrimination. Act No. 1-08-employer/ youth aged 15 to less than 18 years old. 2. RA 9208 An act to institute police to eliminate by picking in person especially women and children, establishing the necessary institutional mechanism for the protection and support for trafficked persons, providing penalties for its violation. VII. Summary This research st udy is all about he current situation of child labor here in the Philippines. Our research discusses the factors affecting child labor as well as the child. It also touches certain topics that would help the authorities to come up with a trategic plan to decrease or might eliminate the presence of child labor in our country. This research exposed what might have been the origin of child labor in the Philippines. The economic status of our country with regards to the issue of child labor is also included. It tackles the effect of early exposure to drudgery in children, parents and in the country. This research also contains the result of our recent interview/ survey to the public. The questionnaire includes a variety of questions about their background, jobs, family, and the like. The results also provide proof that our country is in a ituation where in the issue, child labor, is almost conquering us. This research is bound together with the statistics of child workers. This states t he different way’s a child could work. Laws, government and non-government agencies governing over child labor is also included within this research. The opinions of the researchers are also stated in this research. The stand of the researchers in the issue is also indicated. The outcome of the different actions of the agencies involved is stated and proven by the researchers. The whole research is mainly about the current situation and effects of child labor to the Philippines and he actual effects of it to the children. VIII. Conclusion On the whole, the decade had brought forth a rich and comprehensive body of literature on child labor. These studies cover the more or less in-depth picture of child workers’ personal characteristics. Our study recounts the historical experience of child labor in the Philippines and shows that children’s labor had been utilized and exploited in the Philippines. Child labor is a human right issue of immense sensitivity. To sum u p, Philippines consider it highly inappropriate when a child below 18 years of age is put to work. People should be prohibited from hiring children. Advocacy to eliminate child labor is not just the simple reduction of child labor in the work place. It is important to realize that there is not one simple answer to this vastly complicated issue. Hazardous work has been deemed as one of the worst forms of child labor and is therefore in need of immediate abolition. [2]†Every child deserves a reason to laugh. Child laborers live and work in such poor conditions that their lips would probably crack if they smile. † The elimination of child labor must pay attention to the conditions that have created the poverty which has spawned child labor. The link between the forces hat have created poverty and the factors leading to child labor go beyond community and national boundaries, and must be understood,, articulated and engaged. Let us all do what we can now, to eliminate child labor by advocating and ensuring that communities will survive, so that children today and in the future can start to take back their childhood. IX. R ecommendations After completing this research we’ve finally come to this part. Based on the outcome of our research, we recommend that the parents of the child laborers should strive harder in order to sustain their family needs because this is one of the ajor reasons why children work in spite their young age. The government should also pay attention and make more laws that penalize and criminalize parents and employers who are involved in this issue because nowadays we only have about 7 laws regarding this issue, which shows that it still needs improvement. The laws also have some flows which night lead to injustice. The children should also be careful in working because there are lots of things that could happen to them. They should also fight for their rights because sometimes, there are severely violated by their parents/ employers. Bibliography Books Del Rosario, Rosario and Melinda Bonga. (2000) Child Labor in the Philippines: A Review of Selected Studies and Policy Papers Manila, Philippines Adolescents in the Labor Force Institute for Labor Studies- Dep of Labor and Employment Manila, Philippines Websites http://international. uiowa. edu/centars/human-rights/documents/hazardous_child_labor. pdf http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=ThesaSambas www. [email  protected] gov. ph www. dole. gov. ph Dedication We highly dedicate this research works to all child workers and government agencies that are concerned in child labor cases in our country. It is known to s that there is a rapid growth of child workers who are supposed to be in the environment of a classroom rather than roaming the streets and risking every chance, time and time again, to earn money. It is with this thought in mind that we became more determined to continue our research study in order for the government to begin putting an end to child labor in the Philippines . Our thanks to all, who generously contributed their insights. Without their help, this research paper would never have been possible. -The Researchers Acknowledgement We, the aesthetic metamorphosis group, would like to express our deepest ppreciation to our very own, Miss Maria Purificacion R. Razon, who introduced us the real essence of being a student by making it possible for us to do our very first research paper. The entire team owes a debt of gratitude to a number of individuals who ably assisted in the development of this research. We would like to recognize Mr. Edwin Estioco, our consultant and reviser, for his helpful insights, advise, inspiration and selfless voluntary service to the successful completion of this project. We also extend our enormous appreciation to Mr. Exxon Susmirano, DSWD Social worker, Mrs. Minie Averilia, DOLE Worker and KGWD Ray Fajardo of Brgy. Kamuning, for providing us their truthful answers to our survey questions. We also are grateful to our families. Their support and guidance has enabled us to function effectively throughout the entire project period. And last, but never least, we honor our Almighty God who served as our team leader and thoughtful guide and for the unwavering support which make it possible for us to develop this research paper. -The Researchers EARLY EXPOSURE OF POOR FILIPINO CHILDREN IN DRUDGERY A Research Paper Presented to The Class of Miss Maria Purificacion R. Razon Don Alejandro Roces Sr. Science-Technology High School In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Subject English IV By Amelia Fermia Carlos Leniel Origenes Rolyn Claire Maun IV-Gold Jenella Christine Palomar Sharmina Monic Allarde Kevin Baybay IV-Aluminum Emmanuel Caperal IV-Vanadium December 13, 2010 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Analysis A. Historical background B. Literature review 1. Children as a source of labor a. Unpaid household work b. Children as income earning assets III. Child labor in the Philippines A. Different faces of child labor B. Reasons of its rapid growth C. Children’s rights (regarding child labor) D. Number of child laborers E. Working hours IV. Impact of child labor in children’s lives A. Short-term impact B. Long-term impact V. The Economic history of child labor A. Early industrialization and the employment of children B. The Child labor market 1. Supply of child workers 2. Demand of child workers VI. Government agencies and laws A. Government agencies 1. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) 2. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) 3. Philippine National Police (PNP) B. Non-government agencies 1. Compassion 2. Bantay Bata 163 C. Laws 1. RA 9231 2. RA 9208 VII. Summary VIII. Conclusion IX. Recommendations [pic] A. Child Laborers We, the researchers, conducted an interview to 12 child laborers based on their personal experiences in engaging work activities. The age of the one we interviewed are ranging to 10-16 years old. Almost half of the interviewee is a vendor, second is the ending, and last are the junk trader, eye optomatrist and a dubber which are the least. As the result of the survey, almost all the child laborers said that they need to work to help their family’s survival. For the remaining, they work because they need oney for their school allowances. After the interview, it appears that child laborer had been working from the past 1-3 years. Almost all of them work when there is a free time or if it is weekend. According to the said interview they worked for 3-7 hours a day. It appears that in a 3 out of 12 child laborers, they had experience abused by their own family members. It clarify th at all of them are living with their parents. Also, almost all of them are giving their earnings to their parents or guardians and the others for themselves or for their offering. It states that all of the child laborers are still tudying. It had been pointed that almost all the child laborers doesn’t have any other job beside their present. Their allowances are ranging from Php 500, which is the highest, and Php 40, which is the least. Child laborers also answer that they want to continue their studies for them to have a better life. After the interview, we concluded that child laborers are working not only from themselves but also to help their family expenses. Moreover, it is obvious that if a child has less hours in school and greater hour for free time they are more attainable to be engaged in work. B. Parents We, the researchers, conducted an interview to 4 parents, which their child is engaged to work activities. We asked the parents why their children are working and the result is because their child wanted to help them for their expenses. According to the parents, their child works approximately 8 hours, which is the highest, and 3 hours, which is least. All of the parents answered that it is advantage for the child to work because they lessen the expenses at home. We concluded that parent agreed to their child to work because they help their family. It also helps their child to be matured like Maria Paz D. Gutierrez, a parent of a child laborer, said,† Natuto siya sa buhay at magpahalaga sa pera. † C. Government officials We, the researchers, conducted an interview to some government official; who are Exxon Susmerano, a social worker from DSWD (Department of Social Worker and Development) and Armando Ray Fajardo, a kagawad from barangay Kamuning. According to Armando Ray Fajardo,† Here in on our barangay we set feeding programs to those that don’t have money to buy food. Another is setting seminars to both the children and the parent so that they would gain more knowledges about the issue of child labor. Government officials also not help the child labor victims but also they teach the parent s and children to be aware in child labor. It also said that in some hidden places they had found some cases of child labor. Children are commonly seen as a child prostitute in some KTV bar in Kamuning. It is also said that DOLE has the list of the specific cases regarding to child labor. The interview pointed that child labor victims will have a bad negative for them, they will be matured-minded and they will not enjoy their childhood and they will begin to love their job. They also state that the one who caught employing children will be unished by law based on their crimes they committed. Interviewee also said that there are laws that are concerned to child labor. RI 9262, RA 7610, RA 7658, RA 9231, RA 9208 and RA 9775 are one of the few laws regarding to child labor. We concluded that Government officials help participates to decrease the child labor in our country. Also, they make laws that help children, but for us it is by act to know and not to words if a person wants to help the victims. ———————– [1] Weston Englstad, Hoover Elementary School of Iowa City, iowa [2] Zoe Grueskin, Hoower Elementary School of Iowa City, Iowa